Octavian set about solidifying his power, and the era of the Roman Empire began.Ĭaesar was an accomplished author and historian as well as a statesman much of his life is known from his own accounts of his military campaigns. Caesar's great-nephew and adopted heir Octavian, later known as Augustus, rose to sole power after defeating his opponents in a civil war.
GAIUS JULIUS CAESAR TYPE MOON SERIES
A new series of civil wars broke out and the constitutional government of the Republic was never fully restored. On the Ides of March 15 March, 44 BC, Caesar was assassinated by a group of rebellious senators led by Brutus and Cassius, who stabbed him to death. His populist and authoritarian reforms angered the elites, who began to conspire against him. He centralized the bureaucracy of the Republic and was eventually proclaimed "dictator for life" Latin: "dictator perpetuo".
He initiated land reform and support for veterans. He gave citizenship to many residents of far regions of the Roman Republic. This began Caesar's civil war, which he won, leaving him in a position of near unchallenged power and influence.Īfter assuming control of government, Caesar began a program of social and governmental reforms, including the creation of the Julian calendar. Leaving his command in Gaul would mean losing his immunity to criminal prosecution by his enemies knowing this, Caesar openly defied the Senate's authority by crossing the Rubicon and marching towards Rome at the head of an army. With the Gallic Wars concluded, the Senate ordered Caesar to step down from his military command and return to Rome. These achievements and the support of his veteran army threatened to eclipse the standing of Pompey, who had realigned himself with the Senate after the death of Crassus in 53 BC. During this time he both invaded Britain and built a bridge across the Rhine river. Caesar rose to become one of the most powerful politicians in the Roman Republic through a string of military victories in the Gallic Wars, completed by 51 BC, which greatly extended Roman territory. Their attempts to amass power as Populares were opposed by the Optimates within the Roman Senate, among them Cato the Younger with the frequent support of Cicero. In 60 BC, Caesar, Crassus and Pompey formed the First Triumvirate, a political alliance that dominated Roman politics for several years. Gaius Julius Caesar was a Roman general and statesman who played a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire.
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